We've discussed when to use credit versus debit when shopping, and usually at the gas pump, credit is your best option if you're not paying cash. If you have to use debit though, Consumer Reports suggests processing it like credit—as in, don't type your PIN—to reduce your odds of getting your card stolen.
In order, Consumer Reports suggests using cash when filling up your tank whenever possible (largely because many gas stations offer customers a break on the per-gallon price if they pay cash), then to use credit if cash isn't an option (ideally, a credit card that offers rewards or cash back for gas purchases). If you must use debit, process the transaction like credit so you don't have to type in your PIN. That way if you are inadvertantly using a pump with a skimmer attached, the fraudster won't have the whole picture when they get your card's data:
If you must use a debit card, never type in your PIN. Instead, select the option on the screen that allows you to have your debit card purchase processed as a credit card transaction. The purchase still is debited from your checking account, but you won’t need to enter your PIN, which is what the bad guys need to withdraw cash from your account at an ATM.
This doesn't stop them from cloning your card and running it as credit, but it does stop them from using your card at an ATM, and it gives you more time to do what you should be doing anyway—inspecting your account statements for any unknown charges.
Don't get ripped off by credit card skimming at gas pumps | Consumer Reports
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Avoid Typing Your PIN at the Pump to Reduce Your Chances of Fraud